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US, Japan and Europe put pressure on China's rare earths to clean energy
When China no longer exports rare earths at the price of cabbage, when the Chinese government reorganized the rare earth industry, Japan, the United States, and the European Union were not happy. On March 13, Obama rarely personally announced that the United States has joined the European Union and Japan to file a trade lawsuit against the World Trade Organization (WTO) against China's restrictions on rare earth exports. China’s Minister of Industry and Information Technology, Miao Wei, responded that China will take the initiative to respond. China and the United States, together with Japan and the European Union, are increasingly intensifying the "multinational romance" of rare earths. Is it electric for electric cars? Obama said that the rare earth materials involved in this case are used in high-tech products such as batteries from hybrid vehicles to mobile phones. He pointed out that being able to build advanced batteries and hybrid cars is too important for the United States, so you can't stand by. Earlier this month, Obama just announced that it would implement a new energy subsidy policy worth $4.7 billion, of which $3.7 billion was for tax-free subsidies for new energy vehicles and $1 billion for infrastructure research for new energy vehicles such as electric. The production of hybrid vehicles is inseparable from the cesium and cesium in the rare earth family. The former is used to make high-power, lightweight magnets for electric vehicle engines, while the latter is mainly used for vehicle batteries. Although hybrid cars have achieved the original intention of getting rid of gasoline, it seems that they are hard to get rid of rare earths. In recent days, the price of gasoline in the United States has remained high, and the people are waiting for Obama to give a reasonable statement. The US Republican Party also took the opportunity to accuse the Obama administration of weak energy policies. Perhaps in order to divert the focus of public opinion, Obama announced a high-profile lawsuit against China's restrictions on rare earth exports. In the election year, the fight against China is the usual political tactic of the US presidential candidate, and Obama is also difficult to escape. The US Fox News Network said that during the election year, Obama is emphasizing his tough stance toward China. Obama sees the latest litigation against China as part of an effort by American companies to compete for a level playing field. Clean energy makes rare earths more "rare" Rare earths have the reputation of "industrial vitamins" and are important basic materials for high-tech fields such as information technology, biotechnology, energy technology and national defense construction. Although the name contains the word "rare", rare earth is not uncommon. For example, the lanthanum element in rare earths is more abundant in nature than the copper and lead we are familiar with. However, the distribution of rare earth elements is not concentrated, and this property reduces the economics of its development. In addition, rare earth minerals are often associated with natural radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium, which complicates the extraction process. According to The Wall Street Journal, US renewable energy equipment manufacturers face many challenges. One of them is that rare earths widely used in the manufacture of wind turbines, hybrid vehicles and solar panels are in China. The most direct product of the wind power industry's relationship with rare earths is the NdFeB required for wind turbine manufacturers to manufacture permanent magnet motors. In addition, rare earths are widely used in energy sources such as solar energy storage and energy-saving lamps. Due to the wider application of cleaning technology, the consumption of rare earths in the world is growing. The United States and China, both of which are major clean energy development countries, have great demand for rare earths. Andrei Ostrovsky, deputy director of the Far East Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said that the starting point for China's restrictions on rare earth exports is to develop its own economy. China's rare earths are not yet able to meet the country's rapidly developing industries, and thus limit exports. He believes: "China's trading partners will of course try to pressure them to buy rare earths at a lower price. But they will not do so, China will not yield to pressure." Diversified development is the right path, although China has the world's rare earths. 48% of reserves, but other countries also have abundant reserves, such as the United States, Russia, Australia and Canada. Before 1980, the United States dominated the world's rare earth products. At that time, the United States had more than 60% of the international rare earth market share. Due to the increase in China's rare earth production, the US's advantage has disappeared. Due to cost and environmental considerations, the United States has gradually stopped producing rare earths. Now China has adjusted its own rare earth industry, but it has been opposed by many parties and even prosecuted. The British "Financial Times" published a social commentary on the 14th, saying that it is reasonable for the Chinese government to strengthen the control of rare earths to carry out industry rectification. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Weiming also said that he hopes that other countries with abundant rare earth resources can also assume the responsibility of supplying rare earth. US mining companies have been looking for new supplies, and Morley, based in California, has announced new reserves in Southern California that can be mined within a year. Geologists report that prospective rare earth reserves have been discovered in Alaska. Scott Kennedy, a rare earth industry expert at Indiana University, believes that China's restrictions have spurred investment and production from other countries in the rare earth industry. In addition to the US restart of rare earth mines, Australian rare earth miner Linus Mining is also expanding its production capacity. It is expected that by 2013, the mining company will achieve an annual production of 22,000 tons of rare earth, which is close to 40% of China's 2011 export volume. Scientists are also studying ways to replace rare earth materials with common metals. The US Department of Energy has set aside $30 million for this cutting-edge research. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is working on a composite material based on manganese, which is used in wind turbines and electric vehicles to replace rare earth materials. The trade war has brought great risks to the emerging renewable energy, because in the past trade wars, it is difficult for all parties to be independent. Diversifying rare earth production, even looking for alternative products, is a model for sustainable development.