According to reports recently organized by the American Physicists Organization Network, Wake Forest University and other research institutes recently jointly developed a new type of organic thermoelectric fiber that can greatly increase the output power of materials and reduce costs. Related papers were published in the recent Nano Express.

Several decades ago, people began to study thermoelectric materials and have realized commercial applications, but traditional methods are made of inorganic materials such as bismuth telluride. Some new studies have shown that organic materials may have more advantages such as lower cost, ease of manufacture, flexibility and flexibility. But so far, the performance of organic materials is still inferior to inorganic materials, such as wrist watches made of flexible thermoelectric materials, which are charged by the temperature difference between the body temperature and the external environment. If they are made of current carbon nanotube/polymer composite materials, they need 500. Square centimeters of fiber is 50 times larger than ordinary watches.

The researchers explained that the key issue of high performance thermoelectric fibers is the large temperature difference between the two sides of the material. Since the carbon nanotube/polymer composite is very thin, the vertical temperature difference on the surface is very limited; the new material is called “electric blanket”. , is a multi-layer carbon nanotube/polymer composite material, the electrical output power is greatly improved than before.

"Electric felt" is composed of several hundred layers of heat-conducting and heat-insulating films alternately. The heat-conducting material contains carbon nanotubes. The heat-insulating material is composed of a polymer, and the thickness of each layer is only 25 to 40 micrometers. Layers are arranged in parallel with each other so that the temperature gradient gradually changes. Due to the Seebeck effect, electrons or holes migrate from the hot side to the cold side, which converts the temperature difference into a voltage. The total voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages of each layer, so increasing the number of layers is equivalent to increasing the voltage of the series power supply, and the number of layers is only limited by the overall temperature difference that the heat source can produce. In the new study, the temperature of the heat source was limited to 117 °C. At or above this temperature, the polymer deformed.

They demonstrated an "electric blanket" made of 72 layers of fiber that produced a maximum power of 137 nanowatts at a temperature difference of 50°C. Theoretically, the power can be further improved. For example, if 300 layers of fibers are used to produce a 100°C temperature difference, the output power will reach 5 mW.

“Currently, for wristwatch material, only 10 square centimeters is enough for this kind of fiber. The more layers of film (they can be extremely thin), the higher the power in a small area. We haven't reached the current level of material. Optimized, but also to create more power materials.” Wake Forest University nanotechnology center David Carlo said that if large-scale production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes / polymer composites, use them to generate electricity can be reduced to One dollar per watt, and it's easy to produce. In contrast, thermoelectric materials such as Bismuth Telluride cost $7 per watt.

Large-scale production of this material can generate large amounts of electricity at a lower cost, and it is more cost-competitive than other methods for collecting energy. "The use of this material is very wide, and the current output power is very easy to adjust. If you need more power, simply change the larger area." Carlo said.

Researchers predict that in addition to making watches, low-cost organic thermoelectric fibers can also be used in clothing, such as winter lining jackets, to use the body heat and outdoor temperature difference to charge iPod and other electronic products. In addition, this “electric blanket” can also be used to recycle automotive waste heat, increase fuel mileage, act as a seat lining to assist in charging vehicles, and install under roof panels to help reduce house power consumption. (Chang Lijun)

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