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The life of rice has to undergo two stages of different stages: vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The vegetative growth stage includes seedling stage and tillering stage, which is mainly the growth of vegetative roots, stems and leaves, and accumulates nutrients for reproductive growth. The goal of fertilization at this stage is to promote tillering, to form strong seedlings, and to ensure that there are enough spikes per unit area. The formation, growth, flowering and fruiting of the reproductive organs, at this stage, fertilization is centered on the promotion of large ears, multiple grains and fullness of grains.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are nutrients that require a large amount of rice and are relatively scarce in soil. The absorption intensity, the amount and proportion of absorption are different due to different varieties, soil, climate, farming and fertilization. Generally, every rice is produced. 100 kg, about 1.6-1.9 kg of nitrogen, 0.8-1.3 kg of phosphorus, 1.8-3.8 kg of potassium, the ratio of the three is about 1:0.5:1.3. Studies have shown that the nutrient content of the plants in the early growth stages of double-season early and late rice is generally highest in the greening to tillering stage, and the phosphorus and potassium are the highest in the jointing stage; the amount of nutrients absorbed by rice in each growth stage, double season Due to the short growth period, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early and late rice forms only a peak within 2-3 weeks after transplanting; while the single-season rice has a longer growth period, the absorption of the three elements is generally Two peaks of absorption were formed at the peak of the tillering stage and the late stage of the young spike. Therefore, fertilization must fully meet the needs of various nutrient elements in rice uptake peaks according to these rules and fertilizer characteristics of rice.
1. The fertilization technology of rice in the field is better than half, and the quality of rice seedlings has a great effect on the yield of rice. Fertilization in Putian is an important measure to cultivate strong growth. Different types of early, middle and late rice, although different in breeding technology due to fertility characteristics and natural conditions, the principle of robustness of various types of rice seedlings is consistent, that is, the leaves of the seedlings are quite, the leaves are colored. Deep, the base is in the shape of "flat-puss", the root system is developed, the white roots are many, with tillers, and the nutrient content in dry matter is high. To get to this standard, mastering Putian fertilization technology is an important part. (1) Early and middle-season fertilization techniques Double-season early rice is about 28-30 days old, and middle-aged rice is more than 30 days old. Due to the short age of early and middle rice, the seedlings are required to grow fast and strong, the temperature during the breeding period is lower, and the nutrient release and fertilizer decomposition in the soil are slower. Therefore, it is necessary to re-apply high-quality farmyard manure (such as decomposed manure, manure or young green manure, 15-22.5 tons per hectare) and appropriate amount of fertilizer as base fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in deep layers with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia. Wet 秧田秧秧 can apply 225-375 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 225-300 kg of ammonium sulphate per hectare when plowing the field for the second time in Putian. While fertilizing, plowing the fields, sowing the fields well. When the "hard board" is transplanted with soil, the ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium sulfate can be evenly spread on the slab, and then the slurry of about 6 cm is covered, or the ammonium hydrogencarbonate or ammonium sulphate is thoroughly mixed with the mud, and after smoothing, So plant again. In the rice-growing area of ​​southern China, during the early and middle-season rice growing period, low temperature and rainy weather, low soil available phosphorus and available potassium, and application of phosphate fertilizer (450-600 kg per calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate) and potassium fertilizer (per The application of 150 kg of potassium chloride as a base fertilizer can reduce the rot of rice seedlings and cultivate strong growth. In the field of zinc deficiency in the soil, 15 kg of zinc sulfate per hectare can be used as a noodle fertilizer for the field. The wet field is covered with phosphate rock and lime soil, which can directly supply the phosphorus and potassium nutrients needed for seedlings and play the role of covering, heat preservation, moisturizing, preventing birds and beasts and loosening soil. Early and middle-season rice field topdressing can be applied 1-2 times. When the paddy field grows to the 3-leaf stage, the top dressing is called weaning fertilizer. Generally, during this period, the nutrients stored in the rice seeds have been exhausted, and the roots have a considerable absorption capacity. The rice blasts gradually turn to absorb the nutrients in the soil. At this time, the fertilizer is applied to increase the effective nutrient concentration in the fields. Suitable period. Generally, the amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or large manure for weaning fertilizer should not be too much. Applying 15-60 kg of urea per hectare or 112.5-150 kg of sulphur ammonia or 7500 kg of decomposed human excrement should be applied evenly to prevent smear or grow seedlings. Too tender. Nitrogen fertilizer has been applied to the fertile soil or the base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer has been applied. Especially in the field where the noodle fertilizer has been applied, the milk fertilizer can not be broken. Weaning period can be administered for fertility fertilizer according seedling selecting seedlings leaves a heart 1, 2 leaves a heart, a heart three leaves any one time. If the fertilizer is poor and the base fertilizer is insufficient, it should be properly advanced. In order to improve the quality of the seedlings during transplanting, enhance the rooting ability of the seedlings, accelerate the returning of the living trees, and facilitate the tillering, and apply the body fat 3-4 days before the plucking, the masses call it "give the fat". Choose a stable nitrogen fertilizer, such as ammonium sulfate or urea, the amount is not suitable, generally 150-225 kg of ammonium sulfate per hectare. Apply 45-75 kg of urea, which can be applied one day earlier than ammonium sulfate. Due to the small amount, it can be turned into a solution or applied after soil mixing. For higher seedling soil fertility, it should be less nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriately increasing the amount of phosphorus and potassium, i.e., low nitrogen, high phosphorus, potassium seedling to Seedling Cultivation.
(2) Late rice in late rice field fertilization technology, whether it is continuous cropping late rice or one season late rice, the fertilization technology of Putian is significantly different from that of early and middle rice. Because of their reproductive season are high temperature and ground temperature, and soil nutrient release fertilizers are faster decomposition, seedling age and relatively long, generally 30-40 days, the longest 50 days. In order to achieve delicate seedlings thick, to prevent excessive growth of seedlings, seedlings, and excessive growth occurs jointing seedlings, fertilizer rice seedling is appropriate gentle and sustained manure, such as pond scum, and other pig manure 15-30 t / ha as basal. Phosphate fertilizer should also be applied, the amount can be less than that of early and middle rice fields, and 375-450 kg of superphosphate or 375-450 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate per hectare. Rice seedling of potassium is the major, potassium Potassium nutrition not only increase, but also can prevent flax seedling leaf spot, leaf spot, rice seedling per hectare to about 120 kg of potassium chloride administered as appropriate leaven. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the base fertilizer is applied less or not, so as to control the growth of the seedlings. For nitrogen fertilizer, it is necessary to strictly observe the fertilization of seedlings, and there is no nitrogen deficiency in the middle of the seedlings. But getting up the fat is also very important for the late rice breeding. In the past, it was generally believed that 37.5 kg of urea or 75 kg of ammonium chloride should be applied per hectare 4 days before transplanting to ensure the good development of new roots after transplantation and accelerate the regreening of the seedlings. However, in recent years, the results of the tracer study using isotopic N (ammonium sulfate) by the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences showed that the root weight per plant of 150 kg per hectare of fertilized ammonium per hectare was the highest, and the sugar and nitrogen in the body were at The highest level is beneficial to the growth and development after transplanting. Therefore, the late rice seedlings are applied to the body fat (send the fertilizer) to apply 150 kg of ammonium sulfate per hectare or 75 kg of urea per hectare 2 days before transplanting.
(3) Fertilization techniques for hybrid rice fields The early, middle and late rice breeding techniques are generally similar to conventional early, middle and late rice. However, the sowing amount of hybrid rice in the field is much less than that of conventional rice, and it is required that the seedlings are more tillering and growing in the field. Therefore, it is generally necessary to apply a larger amount of fertilization than the conventional rice paddy field, and attention should be paid to the reasonable combination and application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, especially the application of potassium fertilizer. According to the experiment of the China National Rice Research Institute, potassium has a good influence on the growth and vigor of hybrid rice fields. For example, the rooting power and root dry weight, injury intensity, plant carbon to nitrogen ratio, rice yield, etc. are better than those without potassium fertilizer. It is better to apply 150-225 kg of potassium chloride per hectare as a noodle fertilizer.
Editor in charge: Yu Yanfeng
Source, Author: Mudanjiang Agriculture Committee Information Center
Rice fertilizer application technology
Rice is China's most important food crops, rice fertilization is an extremely complex issue, according to the nutritional characteristics of rice varieties need, the nature of fertilizer, soil, climate and other characteristics to determine the appropriate time of fertilization, fertilizer, fertilizer varieties and fertilizer application methods In order to achieve the highest utilization rate and the best economic benefit of the applied fertilizer, the purpose of high yield, high quality and high efficiency is achieved.
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