"Natural disasters" are anomalous phenomena that occur in the natural world that humans depend on, and the damage that natural disasters cause to human society is often shocking. Among them are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mudslides, tsunami, typhoons, and floods. Disasters, such as land subsidence, land desertification, droughts, and changes in the coastline, can gradually emerge over a long period of time, as well as environmental disasters caused by human activities such as changes in the ozone layer, water pollution, soil erosion, and acid rain. There is also a complex interrelationship between environmental destruction and human beings. It is a common theme for the international community to understand the occurrence and development of these disasters in a scientific sense and to minimize the harm they cause. The work of forecasting natural disasters and self-help should be done well.

Earthquakes are the chief cause of disasters and are the enemy of human survival and civilization. With enormous energy, it has caused thousands of deaths and even hundreds of thousands of lives to suffer casualties, destroying the fruits of hard work. With the continuous improvement of human productivity, human factors have emerged from the earthquake disaster. In a sense, the earthquake disaster is not only a simple natural disaster, but a comprehensive disaster process caused by both natural actions and human actions. The correct subjective initiative of human beings can greatly reduce the casualties and social and economic wealth losses caused by the earthquake. However, the human disaster prevention and reduction or the misconduct of misconduct will aggravate the earthquake disaster and bring about undue disasters. The lessons of historical earthquakes are very painful. Studying historical earthquakes, due to human misconduct and causing disasters, should be an important issue that cannot be ignored in the study of earthquake countermeasures. This will bring about huge social and economic benefits for the reduction of future earthquake disasters.

Gas disasters, dust disasters, fires, floods and roof disasters constitute the five major natural disasters in coal mines.

I. Five major disaster prevention measures for coal mines

(I) Measures to Prevent Gas Disasters

1. Conscientiously implement the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" and relevant rules and regulations to prevent the accumulation of gas and the occurrence of sources.

2. Monitoring monitoring is an important measure to effectively prevent the accumulation of gas. We must take good care of the monitoring and monitoring equipment. We must not increase the alarm value of gas monitoring probes, destroy the gas monitoring probes, or use mud and coal for monitoring and alarming of the monitoring system and power failure. Powder and other items plug the gas monitoring probe.

3, love ventilation facilities.

The first is to consciously care for the ventilation facilities downhole, and the second is to pass through the door immediately shut, you can not open the two doors at the same time, so as to avoid wind short circuit. When it is found that the ventilation facilities are damaged, the conditions are abnormal, or the air volume is insufficient, repairs must be promptly reported.

4. It is forbidden to carry fire with smoke in the underground. Underground smoking prohibited and the use of matches, lighters and other ignition items.

(II) Prevention of water damage:

1. Signs of water hazard: The working surface becomes wet, the roof drips, water is poured, the rock expands, the floor drum increases, the mine pressure increases, the roof of the slab collapses, the bracket deforms, there is water, the coal seam hangs sweat, hangs red, and the working surface is harmful. Increased gas, sometimes with signs of rotten eggs smell.

2. Prevention of water damage: When the above-mentioned signs of water damage are found on the mining surface, the operation must be stopped, the situation must be identified, and immediately reported to the mining area and the mine control room, and withdrawn from the flood-risk area. Second, the basic principles of underground disaster avoidance 1, after an accident, timely reporting, to win the rescue time, after the accident should make full use of nearby telephone or dispatched personnel to quickly report the accident situation to the leadership or the control room. 2. In the course of evacuation, you should maintain a calm and calm response. Don't panic, don't shout and run. You must observe discipline, follow the command, and never act alone.

3. When emergency evacuation evacuates the scene of the accident, the evacuation route should be quickly evacuated to the fresh air flow, leaving a mark along the way.

4. When gas or coal dust explosions happen underground, how to survive and avoid disasters: When you encounter gas or coal dust explosions, you must quickly turn back into the direction of air vibration, face down, and use a wet towel to cover your mouth and nose. To prevent the inhalation of large amounts of toxic gases; at the same time, wear a self-rescuer quickly and choose a place where the roof is strong, with water or near water.

5. When a fire accident occurs underground, how to survive and avoid disasters: In the event of a fire accident, it is necessary to first identify the disaster situation and its own actual situation. If it can be extinguished (fire), it will be extinguished. If it cannot be extinguished (fire), it will be quickly evacuated or avoided. Self-help or waiting for rescue.

6. When a flood accident occurs underground, how to survive and avoid disasters: When you encounter a flood accident, try to avoid the prominent head. When it is hard to avoid, you must take a firm grip on the side and take a deep breath. After the water head passes, start self-rescue. And save each other.

(III) Prevention of Downhole Coal Dust: Implement comprehensive dust prevention measures such as wet drilling, using water mud, spray watering, flushing lanes, etc. When working underground, protect the dust prevention facilities and equipment, and do not disassemble or damage them.

(IV) Prevention of Underground Roof Accidents: Whether the roof will fall or not, the following methods can be used for observation: First, knock on the top. That is, with the steel braze or handcuffs hit the roof, the sound is crisp and loud, indicating that the top plate is intact; an "empty" or "click" sound is issued, indicating that the roof rock has been separated and there is a danger of falling. Take measures to break away. The rock blocks were picked; the second was a wooden wedge. That is, in the roof crack into a small wooden wedge, if you find loose or loose wood wedge over time, indicating that the cracks in the expansion, the roof has the risk of falling, should take measures to deal with; Third, vibration observation. That is to say, if you feel the top plate vibrates, even if you do not hear the sound of cracking, it means that the top plate rock is separated from the floor and there is a danger of falling.

(5) Prevention of underground fire accidents:

1. The roadway uses non-combustible support, and flammable supports such as wooden sheds and wooden beams are removed. Daomu uses a sleeper.

2. There must be a fire extinguisher in place of oil and other distribution of oil.

3. The repair and connection of rubber sheathed cables must use flame-retardant materials, and must be made up of sulfidation heat supplements or cold supplements with heat equivalent. The rubber sheathed cables that are cold-repaired or hot-repaired on the ground must be immersed in a water pressure test.

4. Dustproof pipeline must be set, and a three-way connection must be set every 30m. The sprinkler pipes and dust-proof facilities in the tunnel shall be inspected frequently. The pipelines shall be hung straight, tied tightly, and the joints shall be tightly sealed to prevent water leakage, so as to prevent dropping, running and water leakage.

5, spray, sprinkler system sound, normally open often spray. Launcher sprayer is sensitive and reliable. When it is shipped, sprinkle water to remove dust. Drilling using wet rock drilling.

6. In order to prevent open fire from underground, it is necessary to use good mud or chemical mud, and no combustibles can be used instead of mud. It is forbidden to use expired spoilage gunpowder.

7. It is not possible to use lights for heating and use electric stoves and open flames downhole.

8. In the absence of approval, it is not allowed to engage in electric and gas welding operations.

9. It is not possible to spill the remaining oil or waste oil, or to discard any flammable materials such as used cotton yarn, cloth head and paper.

10. The working surface and roadway float coal must be clean.

11, all electrical equipment must be explosion-proof, the cable must not leak.

12. Underground mine flameproof high and low voltage flameproof feed switches and pneumatic devices must be protected by short circuit, overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, phase failure, leakage, insulation monitoring, and protective grounding.

13. Downhole cables must have a height of not less than 1.2m. The cable must not be subject to water spray. When laying on the same side of the wind pipe, it must be kept at a distance of more than 0.3m. In the roadway with gas drainage pipelines must be hung on both sides of the roadway.

14. When the high and low voltage cables are laid on the same side, the spacing should be greater than 0.1 meters. The distance between the high voltage cables and the low voltage cables is not less than 50mm.