Figure 1: Lithium-sodium mixed ion water cell model In recent years, renewable energy has been rapidly developed worldwide, and large-scale energy storage technology is a key core technology for solving renewable energy and grid-connected power generation. Although traditional lithium-ion batteries with organic solvents as electrolytes have advantages in energy density, there are also problems of low safety and high cost. In contrast, water-based ion batteries have the advantages of low price, no environmental pollution, and high safety, and they have potential application prospects in large-scale energy storage systems at the grid level. Due to the relative abundance of sodium resources, sodium ion water cells are considered ideal for next-generation aqueous secondary batteries. However, the current electrode materials for water-based sodium-ion batteries are extremely scarce, which has become a bottleneck hindering the development of sodium-ion batteries. Based on this, Dr. Liang Chen, the Power Lithium Battery Engineering Laboratory of the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed for the first time a new lithium-sodium mixed ion electrolyte concept to build a new water-based ion battery. One pole of this type of battery uses a compound that selectively intercalates/deintercalates lithium ions as an active material, and the other pole uses a compound that selectively intercalates/deintercalates sodium ions as an active material, and also mixes Li+/Na+. An aqueous ion solution is used as the electrolyte. Different from the traditional “rocking chair†working principle of lithium ion batteries, the lithium ion and sodium ions of the new battery are only embedded and dislodged at one pole of the battery during charging and discharging (as shown in FIG. 1 ). This new battery type not only broadens the range of applications of existing lithium-ion battery materials, but also opens up new ways for the development of sodium-ion batteries, and it has important scientific significance for enriching energy storage battery systems. In addition, the unique working mode of the new battery also enables Li+/Na+ separation. By building a simple reaction system as shown in Fig. 2, the enrichment of Li+ and Na+ can be realized separately through repeated charge and discharge processes, and the operation is simpler and more green than the existing chemical separation technology. Therefore, the The technology has important application prospects in large-scale separation of Li+ and Na+ in sea (or brine) water. The relevant research results were published in Scientific Reports (Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1946) under the Nature Publishing Group. The research work was supported by the key deployment projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGZD-EW-202-4), the Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation Team (2012B82001) and the national "973" Project (2011CB935900).
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Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the separation of Li+/Na+ by a hybrid ion battery
Chinese Academy of Sciences water system ion battery research progress