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US soil - gas-based ground source heat pump technology in China to promote (a)
Abstract: Since the beginning of this year, a batch of international agencies such as the U.S. Department of Energy have expressed their willingness to continue to help and support China in promoting this new ground source heat pump technology with obvious energy saving and environmental protection effects. China's Ministry of Science and Technology, State Economic and Trade Commission, State Development Planning Commission and other agencies and some local governments also said they will continue to support the promotion work. Staff training and technical exchange activities are increasing. Beijing Branch of the New Energy Technology Development Corporation set up a special ground source heat pump to promote the work of the Heat Pump Division, and sent to the United States conducted a long system of training to become a member of the International Geothermal Pump Association and made the registration of qualified engineers ; With the United States geothermal pump manufacturers, contractors and design, technology development, training departments have established extensive contacts and relations of cooperation. Joint preparations for the production of soil-gas ground-source heat pump units are under intense work and the first joint venture production plant is expected to be put into production by the end of this year. All this indicates that the situation of large-scale promotion of soil-gas-type ground source heat pump technology will be formed within a few years. Keywords: soil-gas type ground source heat pump technology ground source heat pump 1 Features of ground source heat pump technology 1.1 ground source heat pump technology, also known as ground heat pump technology, is a use of shallow soil temperature energy as energy advanced energy efficient , Pollution-free, low operating costs of both heating and cooling of the new air-conditioning technology. Geothermal pump technology is the use of underground soil temperature or groundwater temperature characteristics of relatively stable, through buried in the building around the pipeline system or groundwater and building structures to complete the heat exchange device. It completely does not require any artificial heat source, completely replacing the boiler or municipal pipe network and other traditional heating methods and central air conditioning system. In winter, it takes heat from the soil instead of the boiler and heats the building; in summer it displaces the building from the heat of the soil, replacing normal air conditioning. At the same time, it can also supply domestic hot water, known as the "green air-conditioning technology" of the 21st century. 1.2 At present, there are two kinds of ground source heat pump technologies in the world: earth-gas ground-source heat pump technology and water-water ground source heat pump technology earth-gas ground source heat pump technology represented by the technology of the United States, water- - Ground source heat pump technology is represented by the Nordic technology. The difference between the two is that the former takes heat from or drains heat from shallow soil or groundwater and directly converts it into hot air or cold air to heat or cool the room through ground-source heat pump units scattered in various rooms. The latter is to take heat from the groundwater or to heat it, after the heat pump unit into hot or cold water, and then through the fan coil arranged in each room into hot air or cold air to the room heating or cooling. Due to the soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States, it is possible to directly take effect from the shallow soil or discharge heat to it without using ground water, by laying vertical pipes, horizontal pipes or throwing pipes to surface water in various ways, Not limited to the exploitation of groundwater, the promotion of a larger, more flexible. In addition, as the U.S. technology reduces the heat loss due to the conversion of geothermal energy into hot water and cold water, the energy efficiency is higher and the cost of heating and cooling is lower. 1.3 Geothermal pump technology has obvious greenhouse gas emission reduction and the application of a wide range of characteristics Because the geothermal pump heating more than 70% of the energy from the soil in the energy, 30% of the energy comes from electricity, so use it instead of the winter heating boiler, At least reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 70%. If large-scale promotion, can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the soil-gas type heat pump technology uses energy that is in the soil at normal temperature and does not require special geothermal fields or underground hot water. It meets the required technical conditions of the geothermal pump as long as there is sufficient soil (ground or groundwater above -3.5 ° C) for heat exchange. Approximately 30-50% of Chinese cities have this condition and can use geothermal pumps. From the climate zone point of view, from the cold Heilongjiang to the hot Hainan Island can be used. Most countries in the world also have the conditions to apply geothermal pump technology. At the same time it does not consume nor pollute the groundwater. In the use of groundwater, the heat pump only to the water heat or heat, no water, the groundwater should be fully recharged underground. 1.4 Geothermal pumps make use of renewable energy, never-depleted heat pumps take heat from or dissipate heat from shallow, normal-temperature soil. The heat of shallow soils originates from solar energy, which is never depleted and is a renewable energy source. Therefore, when using the heat pump, its soil heat source can be self-supplement, continuous use, there is no resource depletion. 1.5 High efficiency and energy saving, low running costs In heating, the heat pump technology can "move" the soil into the room, with more than 70% of its energy coming from the soil, the heating coefficient up to 3.5-4.5, and the boiler only 0.7-0. 9, can save more than 70% of energy and 40% to 60% of the operating costs than the boiler; cooling 40% -50% energy saving than ordinary air-conditioning, operating costs reduced by 40%. High energy saving, low operating costs, created the conditions for commercial promotion. 1.6 Geothermal pumps in Europe and the United States is a very mature technology has been fully commercialized In the United States, Canada and the Nordic countries and regions, geothermal pump technology has been widely used, the promotion rate of 15% per year rate of increase, the formation of From manufacturers, engineering providers to training institutions, technology development agencies, professional management agencies and a complete set of complete industrial system. The International Geothermal Pump Association (IGSHPA) and the American Geothermal Pump Association (GHPC) have been established and they have fully commercialized. 1.7 Geothermal pump technology can achieve household metering can be phased investment, no outdoor unit As the United States soil-gas-based ground-source heat pump is scattered in each household or room, it and ordinary household air conditioners, the implementation of a separate electricity bill Measurement, to overcome the boiler heating and central air-conditioning cooling household metering problems. Just because it is decentralized and installed, it can be phased and invested in batches, which solves the requirement that central air-conditioning units must invest once in place, thus reducing financing costs. Ground source heat pump air conditioning, no outdoor unit and cooling towers, building facades cleaner, more beautiful. 2 Cooperation between the Chinese Government and the Chinese Government in Promoting Ground Source Heat Pumps in the United States After the agreement between the Chinese and the U.S. governments for the promotion of the technology for ground-source heat pumps in the United States has been signed, the two governments each entrust some experts to cooperate The specific content of the drafting of cooperation plans. In November 1998, China and the United States jointly held the experts and experts from both countries in the United States to promote the development and utilization of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies Cooperation Protocol "working group meeting was approved. "Plan" stipulates: promotion work carried out in three phases. The first phase: construction demonstration project. It is planned to construct a U.S. soil-gas ground-source heat pump demonstration project in each of the cold climate zone in northern China, the temperate zone in the Yangtze River Basin in central China and the subtropical zone in southern China. In addition to providing demonstration after the completion of the project, data collection should also be carried out to test the economic and technical effects of the US soil-gas ground-source heat pump under different climatic conditions so as to provide a model, data and experience for large-scale promotion. Demonstration project construction to take the government support business model. The core of earth-gas ground-source heat pump technology is how to achieve efficient heat exchange with shallow soil to ensure stable and long-term heat extraction from or to the environment without investing much more than ordinary central air conditioning Exhaust heat, to achieve heating or cooling. Considering that China has not yet mastered the soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States, the "Plan" proposes that China should choose from among the three types of climatic zones each one with strong economic and technical strength in the units engaged in the development and utilization of new energy sources, As the promotion unit of ground source heat pump technology in the United States, it will build demonstration projects with the agencies recommended by the United States to ensure the success of demonstration projects. The second phase: cooperation and promotion. When the demonstration project is completed, three ground source heat pump promotion units work together with their U.S. counterparts in China to promote the public awareness. Promotion work has two aspects. First, in more places in China and in different sizes and different uses of buildings to build different ground-source heat pump system, has access to the majority of users awareness and recognition. The second is to carry out ground-source heat pump design capacity building and personnel training to carry out technical exchange activities, popularization of soil-gas-type ground source heat pump knowledge. At the same time, the establishment of China's ground source heat pump design database, preparation of China's hydrogeological conditions, building codes, heating and cooling standards and building materials, equipment, labor force price of the design software to improve China's design department of the United States soil-type ground source heat pump system design Level. The third stage: joint venture production. When the advanced soil-gas ground source heat pump technology in the United States has become known to the public and the market prospect is clear, a few Chinese manufacturers with strong economic strength, strict management and a modern enterprise system have been selected on the basis of voluntary, Equality and mutual benefit. With the strong and technologically advanced geothermal pump manufacturers in the United States, the joint venture production has been brewing and negotiated to reduce the production cost of ground-source heat pumps and gradually raise the level of localization. Joint ventures will be strictly conducted in a market-based manner. Attention should be paid to introducing a competition mechanism to prevent vicious competition such as the unprofitable pursuit of profits and the erosion of the reputation of ground source heat pump technologies.