In the past few years, a lot of research work has been done to increase efficiency, and the use of these devices to convert sunlight into electricity has also included the development of new materials, device structures and processing technologies. A new study, published online this week in the Nature Photonics magazine on February 12th, titled "The string polymer solar cell features a spectrally matched, low band gap polymer." (Tandem polymer solar cells featuring a spectrally matched low-band gap polymer). These researchers came from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science and the University of California, Los Angeles. The California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI:California Nanosystems Institute) reported that they have greatly improved the performance of polymer solar cells. The resulting device has a new "tandem" structure that can be combined with multiple cells, with different Absorption band. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of this equipment certification is 8.62%, and this world record was created in July 2011. Further, the researchers integrated a new infrared-absorbing polymer material. The material was developed by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. and integrated into this device. The structure of such a device is indeed widely used. The conversion efficiency jumped to 10.6%, which is a new record. The certification body is the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under the U.S. Department of Energy. Because the batteries used have different absorption bands, the string solar cells provide an efficient way to use more extensive solar radiation. However, efficiency does not increase automatically because it is simply to merge the two batteries. These materials are used in series batteries and must be compatible with each other for efficient light harvesting, the researchers said. Until now, the performance of tandem devices still lags behind single-layer solar cells, mainly due to the lack of suitable polymer materials. Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Engineering have demonstrated a high-efficiency single layer and series polymer solar cell that features a low-band-gap-conjugated polymer for series connection. structure. This band gap determines which part of the solar spectrum polymer can absorb. Molecular design: The optical properties and electron density belong to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), belonging to PBDTT-DPP molecules. a) The chemical structure of the PBDTT-DPP molecule. b) PBDTT-DPP UV-visible absorption spectrum and P3HT film, and solar radiation spectrum. Source: University of California, Los Angeles In order to use solar radiation more efficiently, Yang Yang's research team stacked a series of multiple photoactive layers to complement the absorption spectrum, thus making a series polymer solar cell. Their tandem structure consists of a front cell, with larger or higher bandgap materials, and a backside cell with smaller or lower bandgap polymer cells, with a specially designed sandwich. Current-voltage characteristics and external quantum efficiency (EQEs) belong to conventional and inverted single cell devices. Source: University of California, Los Angeles Compared to single-layer devices, this type of device can use solar energy more effectively, and in particular it can minimize other energy losses. Because more than one type of light-absorbing material is used, each of which captures a different portion of the solar spectrum, this series battery can maintain current and increase output voltage. Researchers say these factors can improve efficiency. a) Chemical structures of P3HT, IC60BA and PC71BM. b) Invert the structure of the tandem solar cell device (LBG type, low bandgap). c) Invert the energy map of the series device. Source: University of California, Los Angeles “We've been doing research. Serial solar cells have only been operating for a short period of time, not as a single-junction device,†said Gang Li, a research member at the University of California Los Angeles School of Engineering and a natural consultant. • Co-author of the paper on photonics. "We have achieved such success and increased efficiency in only a short period of time. This truly reflects the great potential of tandem solar cell technology." "Everything was done because of a very low cost wet-coating process," said Yang Yang. "Because this process is compatible with current manufacturing technologies, I expect that this technology will be commercially viable, in the near future." This research has opened up a new direction, and polymer chemists can pursue the design of new materials for use in series polymer solar cells. In addition, it marks an important step towards commercial polymer solar cells. Yang Yang said that his team hopes to achieve 15% efficiency in the coming years. The research funding comes from the National Science Foundation, the United States Air Force Research Office, the Naval Research Office and the US Department of Energy, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
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In order to convert sunlight into electricity, photovoltaic solar cells use organic conductive polymers, so that the absorption and conversion of light show great potential. The production of organic polymers can be carried out in large quantities and at low cost, and the photovoltaic devices produced are inexpensive, lightweight and flexible. 
The multilayer structure of the string solar cell. Source: University of California, Los Angeles 
String-type polymer solar cells set a new record
A series of photoactive layers are stacked and the complementary absorption spectra are made, so that a series polymer solar cell is produced. Each layer of material can absorb the solar spectrum in different frequency bands.
“Imagine a double-decker bus,†says Yang Yang, a professor of materials science and engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Engineering, and a key researcher in the study. "This kind of bus can carry a certain number of passengers, but if you want to add a second tier and add it above the first tier, you can accommodate more people but only take up the same amount of space. This is what we have here. What is done is to use series polymer solar cells "
"The solar spectrum is very broad, including visible and invisible light, infrared light and ultraviolet light," said Shuji Doi, manager of the research group at Sumitomo Chemical. “We are very excited that Sumitomo’s low-gap polymer has contributed to this new record-setting efficiency.â€