Sanhua Type Solenoid Valve
FDF series solenoid valves are direct operated or pilot operated solenoid valves, mainly used in refrigerant control of various devices such as refrigerating and freezing systems, air conditioners and heat pumps.
Sanhua Solenoid Valve, Sanhua Refrigeration Solenoid Valve, Sanhua Valve NINGBO BRANDO HARDWARE CO.,LTD , https://www.brandopneumatic.com
The emergence of diamond tools has made history a way of relying on heavy manual labor and low-efficiency processing of hard and brittle materials. Instead of modern and advanced processing methods of mechatronics, the processing efficiency can be greatly improved. Diamond grinding wheels are made of magnetic materials. The field of hard and brittle materials such as sapphire, silicon, building ceramics, stone, reinforced concrete, etc. is currently the most effective tool.
The world's superhard material tools are produced all over the world. Among them, grinding and cutting tools are manufactured in Japan, Germany, the United States and South Korea. These countries are rapidly turning tools for superhard materials. Other abrasives have been used. It is decreasing year by year. Because of its high efficiency, energy saving, long life and environmental friendliness, super-hard materials have ten times higher efficiency and life than traditional tools.
China's superhard material products industry began in the 1970s. Prior to this, almost all of the superhard material tools such as diamond saw blades were imported. In the 1980s, a large number of production enterprises mainly producing small-diameter diamond saw blades were launched throughout the country, and they entered a period of rapid development in the 1990s. China's super-hard materials and tools industry has achieved a complete industrial system with complete scale and considerable scale, from the end to the present, including the supporting raw material supply system, equipment supply system, auxiliary material system and market system. It can produce super-hard material tools that basically meet the needs of various industries, and there are a large number of products exported every year, especially in the middle and low-end products, but at the high-end product manufacturing and technical level compared with foreign advanced level. There is still a certain gap.
With the continuous advancement of science and technology in China, the unique properties of super-hard materials have been continuously developed and utilized. The technical level of super-hard materials has been continuously improved, and the application fields have been expanding. The super-hard material products industry has become an indispensable part of national economy and national defense construction. An important part of.
With the maturity of synthetic diamond technology and the rapid development of China's economy, China has accumulated and improved diamond tool manufacturing technology and has strong manufacturing capabilities. Due to the advantages of Chinese enterprises in labor costs and the subsequent catch-up situation in technology research and development, Chinese enterprises have obvious advantages in product cost performance. With the rapid growth of market demand, diamond tool companies all over the world have launched, and a number of advantageous enterprises with international competitive strength have emerged. China has become an important producer, user and exporter of diamond tools in the world, with an annual output value exceeding 10 billion yuan. The application of diamond tools in emerging industries is expected to expand further. With the continuous improvement of synthetic diamond grades, its excellent performance is expected to be more widely used in high-tech fields, such as aerospace instrument bearings, radar waveguides, optical devices, Processing of precision instruments such as high-energy pyrotechnics; can be used for cutting, grinding, satellite solar panels and other high-efficiency precision processing of single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon 0.1-0.2mm thickness sheets; can be used for fine precision of large-scale integrated circuits such as computer chips Cutting, grooving, backside thinning, nano-diamond polishing, etc. The developed countries in the world all regard superhard materials and products including synthetic diamonds as the development focus. The research and application level of superhard materials and their products represent the level of scientific and technological development of a country to some extent.
Diamond and CBN grinding wheels are classified according to their use. There are still large development areas in the domestic market for the following application fields.
1. Grinding PCD, PCBN tool grinding wheel
According to reports, the annual output value of PCD and PCBN tools in Japan accounts for about 4% of the total output value of various domestic tools, with the United States accounting for 4.14% and Russia accounting for 6% to 7%. At present, the annual output of PCD and PCBN cutting tools in China is only about 400,000, and the sales volume is less than 200 million yuan, which is about 0.5% of the total output value of various domestic tools. There are still 2/3 PCD and PCBN tool markets imported. Products, domestic PCD, PCBN tools less than 1/3 of the market share, and the use of PCD, PCBN tool raw materials are almost all imported products, therefore, China's PCD, PCBN tool development and foreign countries still have a big gap. With the further reduction of domestic tungsten resources, the demand for PCD and PCBN tools will increase sharply, and the related grinding wheel usage will increase accordingly.
2. Grinding ceramic tool grinding wheel
Ceramic tool materials are one of the most promising high-speed cutting tool materials and have broad application prospects in production. At present, it has attracted the attention of all countries in the world. About 70% of the processing of castings in Germany is done with ceramic tools, and the annual consumption of Japanese ceramic tools accounts for 8% to 10% of the total tool. The development of ceramic knives in China is also very rapid, and the level of research and development is comparable to that of the international. Ceramic knives have a very high wear resistance. They have better chemical stability than cemented carbides. They can be machined at high speeds for a long time, which is 3 to 10 times more efficient than cemented carbide tools. It realizes efficient "hard machining technology" and "dry cutting technology" by means of car grinding and milling, and improves the surface quality of parts. Achieving dry cutting has broad application prospects for controlling environmental pollution and reducing manufacturing costs. In this context, the grinding wheel for related ceramic tools will have a strong development.
3. Grinding magnetic material grinding wheel
Magnetic materials mainly include permanent magnet materials and soft magnetic materials, covering many high-tech fields. In the fields of rare earth permanent magnet material technology, permanent ferrite technology, amorphous soft magnetic material technology, soft ferrite technology, microwave ferrite device technology, and magnetic material special equipment technology, a huge industrial cluster has been formed in the world. Among them, the annual market sales of only permanent magnet materials have exceeded 10 billion US dollars. In the future, China's magnetic materials industry will continue to develop for 10-20 years. Subsequent developments focus on high performance products. According to reports, in 2013 and 2014, China's magnet production accounted for more than 60% of global production. High-performance products exceed 50% of total domestic production. The machining of these magnetic materials requires us to provide efficient and energy-efficient grinding tools as soon as possible.
The diamond grinding wheel market for magnetic materials is mainly dominated by domestic companies, but some high-end products still rely on foreign imports.
4. Grinding sapphire grinding wheel
At present, the industrial applications of sapphire are mainly LED substrate sheets and optical windows.
According to ACRICHE statistics, in 2008, the global LED lighting application, with the largest amount of architectural lighting, reached 187 million US dollars, followed by consumer portable lighting such as flashlights, camping lights, etc., the global market size in 2008 was about 56 million US dollars The retail store display application market size is about 39 million US dollars; in 2008, the global LED lighting application market size is 397 million US dollars. The research pointed out that in 2011, the global LED lighting market has reached US$1.4 billion, of which architectural lighting and commercial lighting will be the first to become the main market; the architectural lighting market will grow to US$472 million, and the retail lighting display LED lighting application market will grow to At $144 million, the market for portable consumer LED lighting products grew to $99 million.
According to the China Industry Research Network, China's LED lighting demand is expected to reach 10 billion US dollars in 2015. LED lighting will account for 50% of the lighting market, and will maintain a growth rate of around 30% in recent years.
Sapphire optical windows are widely used in many cutting-edge high-tech fields such as laser, infrared, communication, semiconductor, electronics, watches, medical beauty, measuring instruments, military and aerospace.
Sapphire is a high-hardness material after diamond. In the processing and application of sapphire, it is basically the processing of super-hard materials in the whole process. Therefore, diamond grinding wheel is widely used in cutting, flat grinding and external grinding of raw materials. Semi-finished chamfer grinding, reduction of book grinding, slotting, punching, etc. Among them, the sapphire chamfering wheel and the reduced book grinding wheel are basically foreign companies occupying most of the domestic market.
5, grinding semiconductor wheel
The IC semiconductor industry is a high-input, high-output high-tech industry and a key national support industry.
According to the latest forecast report of China Industry Consulting Network, China's IC market is expected to continue to expand at a compound average growth rate of 13% between 2012 and 2017. The report also pointed out that the size of China's IC market is 100 billion US dollars in 2014 and will grow to 150 billion US dollars in 2017. In mid-2017, the Chinese market will account for 38% of the global chip market.
In addition, it is expected that the chips manufactured in China will surge in the next few years. In 2012, China's local manufacturing ICs accounted for 11.2% of the local total of 81 billion US dollars of wafer market; but from 2012 to 2017, China's local manufacturing ICs will The 16.5% composite average growth rate increased, and the business scale grew from $9.1 billion in 2012 to $19.5 billion in 2017, accounting for 13.1% of the local total of $148 billion in the wafer market.
In the IC industry chain, diamond grinding wheels are widely used for cutting, chamfering, polishing, and book reduction. At present, most of them are occupied by Japanese, American, and Taiwanese companies in foreign and domestic markets.
Domestic semiconductor diamond grinding wheels are far from the developed countries in terms of process technology and product quality.
6, grinding non-ferrous metal CBN grinding wheel
Electronic information, automobile manufacturing, etc., as an emerging industry closely related to the improvement of people's living standards, have developed rapidly in recent years, driving the continuous expansion of demand for products such as CBN grinding wheels. The machining of engine camshafts and crankshafts in the automotive field requires ultra-high-speed, high-efficiency precision-formed grinding wheels. The strength, sharpness, shape retention and dynamic balance performance are much higher than those of traditional processing methods; air conditioners and refrigerator compressors are mainly zero. The processing of the cylinder liner and the sliding piece of the component, the double-end grinding technology of the fixed abrasive tool is used to replace the traditional processing technology, and the flatness, the parallelism and the durability of the abrasive tool are required to be several orders of magnitude higher than the ordinary abrasive tool. In addition, with the application of various new high-temperature and difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium, nickel alloy, thermal spray ceramics and diamond film in aerospace and defense industry, diamond high-efficiency precision grinding wheel is an irreplaceable ideal grinding tool. The volume is also growing rapidly.
In 2010, the market consumption of high-efficiency super-hard precision abrasives in the electronics, automotive, and home appliances industries in the Asia-Pacific region (including China) reached US$12 billion, reaching US$18.7 billion in 2012 and 24.3 billion in 2013, with an average annual growth rate of around 30%. .
At present, CBN grinding wheels have more domestic enterprises with certain competitiveness, but large-diameter high-end grinding wheels are still occupied by most foreign brands.
In general, with the rapid development of high-speed grinding and ultra-precision grinding technology, ordinary abrasive tools can no longer meet the production needs. Super-hard abrasives are widely produced due to their high bonding strength, good forming and long service life. Application, making "B (CBN) instead of A (corundum series), D (DIAMOND) instead of C (silicon carbide)" has become the industry trend, superhard abrasive products are "faster, more refined, more book, thicker The development of high-grade, smaller, thinner and more durable.
As China becomes the center of the world's manufacturing industry, heavy-duty CNC machine tools, high-precision CNC machine tools, ultra-precision CNC machine tools, CNC multi-function machining centers, and high-speed and ultra-high-speed cutting, precision and ultra-precision cutting, micro-cutting, hard cutting, and drying Advanced manufacturing technologies such as cutting and difficult-to-machine materials are used more and more widely in the fields of high-tech and national defense, major basic equipment, and the pillar industries of the national economy. Abrasives require high-speed, high-efficiency, high-precision, and environmentally friendly materials. The four characteristics, super-hard material tools, super-hard material grinding tools, diamond wheels become one of the essential equipment to achieve the above advanced manufacturing technology.
Looking ahead, the opportunities and challenges of super-hard materials companies coexist.
The application fields and application scale of ordinary abrasive tools will gradually shrink. The application fields and application scale of super-hard materials will continue to grow. The growing market size of diamond and CBN grinding wheels will bring sufficient growth space for domestic enterprises.
However, in recent years, due to the rapid development of world material technology, mechanical processing technology and technology, and scientific research methods, the foreign abrasives industry has developed rapidly, new technologies, new products, and new processes have emerged. However, domestic enterprises lack scientific research input and technology. Innovative, many high-end abrasive tools, especially super-hard materials, have widened the gap with foreign advanced technology, which will leave even greater challenges for domestic super-hard materials workers.
Current status and prospects of diamond grinding wheels
Abstract Diamond and CBN grinding wheels are the most typical tools in superhard material tools. They are diamond or CBN abrasives. They are made of certain shapes, properties and properties under certain production conditions by means of bonding agents or other auxiliary materials. Product of use. Diamond, CBN...
Diamond and CBN grinding wheels are the most typical tools in superhard material tools. They are made of diamond or CBN, which have certain shapes, properties and uses under certain production conditions by means of bonding agents or other auxiliary materials. The product. Diamond and CBN grinding wheels can be mainly classified into metal bonding agents, ceramic bonding agents and resin bonding agents according to the type of bonding agent. With the development of super-hard material tool technology, its machinable objects cover almost all known materials, greatly improving the processing efficiency and processing quality in various mechanical precision machining fields, especially as high speed, precision, numerical control, fine An important part of advanced manufacturing technology such as processing, its application mainly has two major fields: First, the field of hard and brittle materials processing, mainly refers to sapphire, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, magnetic materials, silicon carbide, refractory materials, glass, geological drilling, etc. Hard and brittle material processing; second, a variety of mechanical precision processing, mainly refers to electronics, machinery, automotive, new energy and other precision processing. According to their different uses, they can be divided into: diamond grinding wheel, diamond sawing wheel, diamond drilling head and other major categories.