Scientists at Berkeley Lab have developed a "sun umbrella" that can fundamentally reduce the amount of land needed for industrial evaporation ponds. Evaporation ponds are a cheap way to deal with industrial pollution in various industries, including power plants, desalination plants, and oil, natural gas, and lithium industries. The idea behind the evaporation pond is to create shallow wastewater, which will be naturally evaporated by sunlight, and the solid waste left behind is easier to handle. The largest evaporation pool may occupy an area equivalent to hundreds of football fields, sometimes lined up next to each other, forming a huge mosaic, occupying a large area of ​​land. In addition to their direct impact on the natural environment, evaporative ponds may also mislead birds into natural wetlands, where high concentrations of elements such as salt and selenium may also pose a direct risk to birds. The evaporation rate of the experimental prototype developed by scientists is more than 100% higher than that of ordinary evaporation pools, which may mean that the size of the evaporation pool can be greatly reduced one day. The working principle of this evaporation umbrella is that water is more efficient in absorbing infrared radiation in the infrared band. Normal sunlight will gradually heat up the entire amount of water in the evaporator, while infrared light will only strongly heat the water surface, with a depth of only about 100 microns. By constructing a canopy located one foot above the water, the incident sunlight will be converted from a wavelength of 400 to 1500 nanometers to a wavelength of 3000 nanometers or longer, and the evaporation rate will increase. This is not the first attempt to use solar energy to improve an evaporator, but so far, most proposals have involved floating materials that absorb sunlight. According to researchers at Berkeley Labs, their disadvantage is that they are blocked by contaminants, so that their performance will plummet over time. The researchers believe that through more work, they may increase the overall evaporation by 160%. They also hope to reduce the cost of evaporation umbrellas by using cheap polymers. The study was led by Akanksha Menon and Ravi Prasher of Berkeley Laboratories, and the results of this study were published this week in the journal Nature Sustainability.
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Scientists develop special sun umbrellas to fundamentally reduce the need for industrial evaporation ponds