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1 Causes and developmental rules
The pathogen of eggplant verticillium wilt is Verticillium dahliae, which belongs to the genus Verticillium. The pathogens survive in the soil for many years with mycelium, sclerotia and chlamydospores overwintering in the soil with diseased and residual plants. The pathogen can also be wintered inside and outside the seed with conidia and mycelium. In the second year, the pathogen can be invaded through the root wound, and the root or root hair of the root can directly invade, first propagate in the vascular bundle, and then spread to the stem and fruit. In addition, the sick strain can also be transmitted as compost, and the germs spread in the field through airflow, irrigation, and farming operations.
Warm and high humidity is conducive to the prevalence of the disease, and the onset temperature is 20-30 degrees. In this temperature range, the higher the humidity, the more serious the occurrence. In the period from the initial flowering period to the fruiting period of eggplant, if there is much rain, or the land is low, it is easy to pick up water; when the well water is flooded, or after the water is flooded, the water will evaporate quickly, causing the soil to dry and rupture; the soil is sticky and multi-continuous, The ground temperature is low or too high; the application of unfertilized organic fertilizer or lack of fertilizer, as well as nematodes and underground pests in the soil are beneficial to the occurrence and development of the disease.
2 symptom recognition
Verticillium wilt is mainly harmful to the leaves, which can occur in all growth stages of eggplant, with the most serious disease in the result stage. In the early stage of the disease, yellowish spots are formed between the leaves of the lower leaves, and gradually develop to the half leaves or the whole leaves turn yellow. The early diseased leaves are withered during the day and can be restored during the evening and rainy weather. The color changes from yellow to brown, the leaf edge curls upward, and finally the leaves die. The disease spreads upwards and can progress to the whole plant, and sometimes to the half-leaf or half-plant. The diseased plants are short, the fruit is small and small, and there are brown streaks inside; the base of the stem tends to rot, and the vascular bundles of the stem and root become brown or tan.
3 Comprehensive prevention and control measures
3.1 Agricultural control
(1) Select resistant varieties. Such as Changjiao No.1, Longzao No.1 and so on. The use of disease-free varieties can be carried out from disease-free fields or from disease-free areas. Seeds should be disinfected before sowing, soaking in 55-degree warm water for 20--30 minutes; or seeding with 70% pentachloronitrobenzene powder, the amount is 0.2% of the seed weight.
(2) Use disease-free soil to raise seedlings or disinfect the bed. The seedbed should be selected for high dryness, convenient drainage, and fertile soil without pathogens. Before planting, the seedbed soil should be fully turned over, applied to compost and compost, and disinfected in bed with 50% carbendazim WP or 70% pentachloronitrobenzene per m2 dose of 8-10g.
(3) Implementing a rotation. Rotating with rice for 1-2 years, rotating with non-solanaceae vegetables for 4-5 years.
(4) Adopting seedlings for seedlings. There is a plant in the hole plate seedlings, the plant is evenly distributed, the nutrient soil is rich in nutrients, and the permeability is good. Therefore, the vegetable seedlings are thick and strong, and the root system is developed. When the seedlings are planted, the roots are not damaged or the roots are light, and there is no seedling period after planting. Disease resistance.
(5) Application of grafting seedling technology. According to systematic observations and data, the grafting effect of eggplant grafts against Verticillium wilt and bacterial wilt is strong, and the incidence rate can be reduced by 4.7%-34.5%.
(6) Enhance the decomposed organic fertilizer, and apply the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizers, timely cultivating and cultivating the soil to promote root growth.
(7) The diseased plants should be removed and disposed of in time, and they should be buried or burned outside the vegetable fields.
3.2 Chemical control
(1) At the time of planting, 667 square meters with 50% carbendazim WP 5 kg of fine soil 100 kg into a medicinal soil, sprinkled in the colonization hole for prevention.
(2) After colonization, 70% dikesone WP 500 times solution, or 50% benomyl WP 1000 times solution, or 50% DT sterilizing agent 350 times solution can be used to spray the roots and the ground, or for irrigation. Root processing. It is usually applied once every 10-14 days.
(3) In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution can be used for spray treatment, or 70% methyl thiophanate 500 times wet solution for root irrigation, spray (irrigation) every 7-10 days. , continuous spraying (irrigation) 2-3 times.
Occurrence regularity of eggplant verticillium wilt and comprehensive prevention technology
Eggplant verticillium is commonly known as madness and black heart disease. It has spread rapidly in recent years and is an important disease in eggplant production. Since the introduction of the Taiwan Zichang eggplant variety “Nongyou 704†in 1995, the planting area has reached 233hm2 per year. However, the disease of eggplant is becoming more and more serious, especially verticillium wilt. The loss of yield after general onset is 20%-30%, and the loss is more than 60% in severe cases. Since 1997, our center has focused on strengthening the comprehensive prevention and control technology research of this disease and achieved certain results. The main experience and technical measures that have been achieved over the past few years are summarized as follows:
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