1. Dry cutting Dry cutting is a processing method that does not use any cutting fluid during the cutting process. It is a clean manufacturing process that controls the source of contamination relative to the wet processing of conventional cutting fluids. Its advantages include: 1 no pollution to the environment; 2 no harm to human health; 3 formed chips are clean, clean, easy to recycle and handle; 4 saves the costs associated with chips and cutting fluid, reducing production costs.

Dry cutting is not simply to stop using cutting fluid, but to ensure high efficiency, high product quality, high tool durability and reliability of the cutting process while stopping the use of cutting fluid. The development of dry cutting technology relies heavily on the development of tooling technology and coating technology. Choose new tool materials with good mechanical and thermal shock resistance and high wear resistance, such as ultra-fine grained carbide, fine-grained alumina ceramics, SiC whisker-reinforced ceramics, cubic boron nitride (CBN), Polycrystalline diamond; suitable coatings on high-speed steel and cemented carbide substrates, such as TiA1N coating, TiCN coating, TiA1N + MoS2 coating, diamond-like DLC coating, etc. The technology allows the knife to have excellent resistance to friction and wear and self-lubricating properties.

Although dry cutting has many advantages, there are still some difficulties in applying dry cutting technology when cutting titanium alloy, super heat resistant stainless steel and the like. Because there is no cutting fluid, its cooling, lubrication and chip removal will be lost, and the heat in the cutting process will increase, resulting in excessive cutting temperature, which will generate more friction and adhesion during the cutting process. The tool life is shortened, the production efficiency is lowered, and the quality of the machined surface is deteriorated. Moreover, metal dust is easily generated during dry cutting, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has pointed out that workers can cause acute pneumonia even if they inhale certain metal dusts with a small concentration.

2. Low-temperature cooling Low-temperature cooling technology is a cutting technology that directly transports liquid gases such as liquid nitrogen (-186 ° C) and liquid CO 2 (-76 ° C) to the cutting zone and the cutting edge of the tool. Compared with dry cutting, it is superior in reducing cutting temperature and improving tool life and surface quality. Other studies have shown that the implementation of cryogenic cooling technology has a chip breaking. Disadvantages are that liquid nitrogen cannot be recycled and equipment that produces low temperature liquid gases increases manufacturing costs.

3. Cold air cutting Low temperature cold air cutting is a method of cutting using a low temperature cold air of -10 ° C to -100 ° C and a very small amount of vegetable oil instead of a cooling lubricant during cutting. It can not only relieve the high temperature of the cutting zone, but also delay the wear of the tool and ensure the lubricity of the tool. Tests have shown that the life of the turning tool can be extended by more than two times when cutting with cold air. However, the low-temperature cold-air generating system is mostly expensive. For example, the equipment produced in Japan varies with the amount of cold air, and the price per unit is between 1.5 million and 3.4 million yen.

4. The least amount of lubrication technology MQL

At present, dry cutting technology is still immature and its application range is limited. Traditional warm cutting has many shortcomings. Therefore, the minimum amount of lubrication technology between the two MQL has a very broad application prospect. The minimum amount of lubrication technology means that during cutting, the cutting work is at an optimum state (ie, the tool life is not shortened, the surface quality is not reduced), and the amount of cutting fluid is minimized. It works on the basis of highly decomposable synthetic greases and greases as oil and is supplied by a pump. The oil and air are automatically mixed in the nozzle to form a nanometer-scale aerosol and sprayed in the cutting zone for cooling. And lubrication. Its cutting fluid consumption can be less than 50ml / h, while the normal jet lubrication of cutting fluid consumption can reach 6L / min. The method uses a very small amount of lubricating oil to achieve good cooling and lubricating effects, and solves the problem that the traditional cutting fluid endangers human health and pollutes the environment.

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