Many people may notice that the solar panels lying on the roofs of residents are subdivided into small pieces, and these grid lines are actually the metal conductors of solar cells. Although they exist for the transmission of electrical energy, excessive "footprint" compromises the solar energy absorption/conversion efficiency per unit. But now, researchers at Stanford University have found a way to allow them to give way to the underlying semiconductors, using "concealed contact" technology.

Through the grey silicon nanopillars of the gold contact layer, the structure can achieve invisible/concealed metal contacts on solar panels. Although the contact portion of the upper metal is very thin, it still occupies 10% of the surface of the solar panel. What the Stanford researchers did was find a way to squeeze the space between the underlying semiconductor and the metal so that it was "nearly invisible" to the incident light.

To achieve this, the researchers placed a 16-nm-thick gold thin-film conductive metal layer on a silicon wafer. Although the gold layer is almost a solid one from the naked eye, it is actually covered with an entire row of square holes and covers only 65% ​​of the silicon surface, and reflects 50% of the incident light on average.

After the silicon gold structure is treated with hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen peroxide, the gold layer will be trapped on the silicon substrate, and the silicon nanocolumns will pass through the gold layer film. The team called the chemical process a "concealed contact," and shiny gold would turn reddish in seconds, while the height of the silicon column would grow to 330 nm.

The main author of the study, Vijay Narasimhan, compares the nano-silicon pillars to the filter pans in the kitchen sink: the nano-silicon pillars are initially highlighted, and the light near the metal grid is funneled to the underlying silicon substrate in the form of a funnel. . When you turn on the tap, not all the water will flow into the loophole of the filter.

But if you put small funnels above each loophole, all the water will flow through, and that's what they're building. Nanosilicon columns act as loopholes, capturing light and Introduce the silicon substrate of the metal grid.

After a series of simulations and experiments, the team optimised this design so that nearly two-thirds of the surface was covered by metal and the reflection loss was only 3%.

The team said that this technology can also be used on other semiconductor materials to open up more potential for photoelectric sensors, LEDs, display screens and transparent battery lamp technologies.

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