Look at the data

Statistics show that 80,000 children die from accidental injuries each year in China, and accidents account for 26.1% of the total number of child deaths in China, and this number is still growing at a rate of 7% -10% per year. Accidental injuries have become 0-14 years old The first "killer" of children's health. The total incidence of accidental injuries among children in the three cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou is 16.5%, that is, one out of every six children has had an accidental injury. Among them, the incidence rate of children aged 1 to 4 years is the highest, with an incidence rate of 21.1%, that is, one in five children have suffered accidental injuries.

Every year from July to October is a high incidence of accidental injuries of children, about 40% of children's accidental injuries occur in summer, because the summer wears less clothes, and children stay at home longer. Including summer vacation, winter vacation and national holidays, hospital admissions due to accidental injuries of children accounted for 70% of the year. Nearly half of the injured children are in recreational activities, followed by sports activities, where accidental injuries during recreation and sports account for 60% of the total number of accidental injuries.

Summer vacation is a period of high accidental incidence of students. It is particularly important to strengthen the safety protection of students. How to let children spend a safe and happy summer vacation has become the most concern of parents. Experts believe that the characteristics of accidental injuries are unexpectedness and suddenness, and most accidental accidents of children can be prevented.

How to prevent the 9 killers of primary and middle school students

Traffic safety

In the summer, children have more time to play freely, and the children of migrant workers are mostly in a state of laissez-faire, and the frequency of traffic accidents is high.

Among the accidental death and disability of children, car accidents have become the first "killer". At present, electric bicycles have also become a new "killer" of car accidents. Although the injuries caused by electric bicycles are lighter than those of cars, they are in relatively low positions. For example, ankle joints and lower legs are often injured. Moreover, because electric bicycles do not have insurance like cars, it is more troublesome to solve the compensation problem after an accident.

Safety Tips

1. When crossing the carriageway, crosswalks, overpasses or underground passages must be used.

2. It is not allowed to forcibly block, chase, pick up or throw cars on the road.

3. Do not take freight cars, motor tricycles, tractors and other vehicles that are not eligible for passenger transportation.

4. When riding a bus, keep the back as close to the seat back as possible, and grab the armrest when standing. During driving, do not extend any part of your body out of the car, and do not jump. Observe the rear of the car when getting off, and make sure that no vehicle is approaching before getting off.

fall

During the summer vacation, parents who are unable to take care of their children often lock their children at home, and the children are alone at home. Accidental falls sometimes occur. A survey shows that most parents have a low sense of guardianship responsibility. 44.6% of parents often or occasionally leave children under the age of 12 alone at home, and 26.7% of parents of girls occasionally agree that children stay alone with classmates and friends Family.

Fall injury ranks in the top 3 of children's accidental injuries and is the main cause of disability and death for children under 14 years of age.

The survey shows that children aged 0-4 years old have a higher drop injury than children aged 5-15 years, and boys are twice as many as girls. An epidemiological survey of accidental injuries among children aged 0-14 years in China shows that the mortality rate of falling injuries among boys is twice that of girls; the age of children aged 2-7 years is the peak period of occurrence and death of falling injuries.

As the child's age increases, the incidence of falling injuries gradually decreases, but the mortality rate increases. This is because toddlers are more likely to fall due to unstable walking, which will not cause major injuries. With the increase of age, the scope of children's activities has expanded, and once a fall injury occurs, the harm will also increase. The home is the place where the most accidental injuries of children occur. Balconies, stairs, elevated beds, etc. are a source of danger for children, and parents should not be careless.

Safety Tips

1. Tell children not to climb high places without permission.

2. The height and slope of the window installation window sills and stairs should fully consider the child's height.

3. Pay attention to remove the bed, stool, chair and other items placed by the window.

scald

A new survey of children in Beijing shows that the number of children injured by water accounts for almost one-quarter of the total number of children injured by accident. Water injuries caused the largest number of injuries at the age of 12, and the number of boys was much higher than that of girls, 2.3 times that of girls.

Boiling water and hot oil scalds mostly occur in children aged 7 years and younger, and are mainly concentrated in children aged 1 to 4 years. Of the 25 scalded children surveyed, 19 children aged 1 to 4 years were scalded, accounting for 76.0% of the total. The details include: accidentally falling into the boiling pot, soup pot, boiling water bucket, oil pan and being injured, being scalded by the bath water, being scalded by the explosion of the electric heating bag, being injured by knocking over the boiling water bottle and knocking over the rice cooker.

Safety Tips

1 Keep dangerous items such as a kettle in your home out of children's reach, and take care of them when you enter the kitchen.

2 After the child is scalded, it needs to be washed in cold water for at least 15 minutes, and do not apply anything to the wound.

3 There are babies in the family who do not use tablecloths as much as possible, in case the child pulls the tablecloth and the container holding the hot soup is tipped over; when bathing the child, put cold water first and then hot water

Drowning

The hot summer day is a good time to cool off the heat. However, some students do not go to the regular swimming pool when swimming, but go to reservoirs, small rivers and other places to swim, and drowning will occur if they are not careful. According to the analysis of previous student drowning accidents, most of the primary and middle school students drowning accidents occurred in the countryside, and a large proportion of the drowning accidents caused by outdoor swimming and waterside frolics. Among them, drowning accidents by foreigners account for the majority.

Regardless of the family or home, children of different ages are very likely to drown. Infants and young children are mostly at home, as small as a bowl for feeding dogs, water in the washbasin at home, as large as swimming pools, community fountains, etc., may cause children to accidentally drown and suffocate. Be aware that once drowning occurs, children can lose consciousness in 2 minutes and brain nerve damage in 4 minutes. When the concept of professional ambulance personnel popularizes always says: 4-6 minutes is the rescue time for drowning gold.

Safety Tips

1. Children are easy to be excited in crowded places, parents should take care of them closely, and keep their eyes on the child for a moment;

2. Children who can't swim, such as in the water, should keep a distance from him;

3. Wear a qualified life jacket;

4. Stay away from the drain;

5. Learn basic first aid techniques;

6. Remember the emergency call.

Electric shock

Every year, there is an electric shock accident for children in summer. The accidents are mostly caused by children playing with electrical appliances, electrical sockets, switches, wires, inadvertently touching unsafe electrical equipment, or being struck by lightning during thunderstorms. Child electric shock is a relatively common accidental injury in family daily life. The number of children killed by electric shock accounts for 10.6% of the total number of child accidental deaths. How to keep children away from electric shock injury has become a hot topic of concern to the whole society.

Safety Tips

As the child's first guardian, parents should usually strengthen child safety education, teach children more about electric power safety, and enhance children's awareness of safe electricity use.

To educate children not to touch electrical appliances such as wires and plugs with wet hands, they must move the home appliances when the power is turned off. Do not fiddle with switches and power jacks with hands, metal objects or pencil leads.

Do not play near outdoor distribution facilities and do not climb outdoor transformer piers (frames). When playing outdoors, do not climb high and low voltage electric poles and shake the cable, do not fish by the fish pond under the high voltage line, and do not fly kites near the high voltage line.

All metal products are conductive. Never use metal tools to directly contact the power supply. Do not hang or hang clothes on the wires to avoid danger.

Disconnect the power supply after using the electrical appliance. Do not pull the wire forcibly when inserting or removing the power plug, otherwise the insulation of the wire may be damaged and cause leakage. If household appliances, plugs, sockets, and wires have aging leakage, you should find a professional to deal with it in time.

Someone is unfortunately knocked down by electricity. Never reach out to pull the person who gets an electric shock. The correct method is to cut off the power in time or pick up the wires with an insulated object such as a dry wooden stick, and notify the relevant departments as soon as possible.

Parents should tell their children that when someone gets an electric shock, they should call adults to help, and do n’t take care of it themselves to prevent electric shock.

Fire

According to statistics from fire investigations, the proportion of fires caused by children playing with fire each year accounts for about 5% of all fires. Children playing with fire are usually students in kindergartens and elementary schools between 5 and 12 years old. Their psychological characteristics: First, poor cognitive ability and lack of fire safety awareness. The learning of these children mainly relies on the first signal system, which is poor in purpose, continuity, and generality of external observation. They often only pay attention to the freshness and fun of things, and there is no clear concept of "good or bad" for consequences and harm. For fire, only pay attention to the stimulating sensual effect on fire, and ignore the harmful and catastrophic consequences of fire. The second is weak control ability and no fire refuge skills. A large part of the fires caused by children playing with fires have caused children's casualties. These children are in the period of physical and mental growth and development, and their ability to control things is still in the learning and cognitive period. They lack knowledge and experience, and their abilities are very limited. They are generally unable to master and control their behavior well, and cannot adapt to physical and mental aspects. This kind of complex situation can neither effectively control the disaster-causing fire nor the various skills of escape from the fire.

Safety Tips

1. Teach children common sense about using fire safely. Even if your child has never lighted a fire or never played with matches, you must teach him to learn to use fire safely and let him know the disastrous consequences of igniting everywhere.

2. Treat children who play with fire correctly. If your child is intently playing with matches, you do n’t have to blame him too much, just kindly warn him about the dangers of playing with fire. If your child repeatedly ignites the gas stove in the kitchen, or ignites items, you should be highly vigilant. You must severely criticize him, let him know how angry and scared his parents are, and order him to put out the fire immediately.

3. Strengthen supervision and protection measures. Keep matches and lighters at home so that children cannot find them; turn off the switch after using the gas stove; do not store flammable and explosive items in the home.

food safety

The summer weather is hot, the humidity is high, and the child's resistance is relatively low. If the diet is improper, it is easy to cause diarrhea, food poisoning or other digestive tract diseases.

Safety Tips

Both cold water and food should be kept at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes before eating, especially when it feels particularly hot, you should not eat something too cold immediately. Wash it before eating fruit, soak in cold water for half an hour if necessary, then rinse it before eating.

Drug safety

Many families have a certain amount of medicines. Children are curious and try to take them out while their parents are not at home. They have also heard about the serious consequences of taking the wrong medicine.

Safety Tips

Parents should tell their children not to eat medicines in advance, they will be poisoned if they eat the wrong medicines, and then teach them to know some commonly used medicines, let them know the name of the medicines, their use and the danger of mistakenly eating, so as to prevent it from happening. For those highly toxic drugs, special storage is required.

Pet bite

In recent years, there have been more and more families raising pets, more and more cases of children being bitten by pets, and dog injuries have become a common injury. Because "pet" families often lack relevant education and training, such as the scientific breeding of pets, children and pets get along with knowledge. Therefore, pet families should pay special attention to keep pets away from children during estrus and litter period.

Safety Tips

When children play with pets, parents must be with them. When the baby makes dangerous actions, it must be stopped. If the baby inadvertently hurts the pet, the pet will subconsciously attack. At this time, parents should pay attention to protection child. If the child is scratched or bitten by a pet, the residual blood from the wound should be squeezed out and the wound cleaned with disinfectant. After a simple bandage, take the child to the doctor immediately and give the child the appropriate vaccine under the doctor's advice.