I. Variety selection and garlic treatment (I) Variety selection Mainly use the "Red Seven Stars" of Sichuan Wenjiang, which has early maturity, high yield, strong resistance and good commercial quality.
(2) Treatment of garlic 1. Low temperature treatment: It is best to carry out standardized cold treatment before sowing, and the cold treatment temperature of garlic is 2-4 °C for 40-50 days.
2, garlic selection and grading: selected with the characteristics of this variety, neat and full, no disease spots, no mold, no worms, no mechanical damage, garlic stalks at the end of the bud, according to large, medium and small grading, respectively .
3, soaking seeds, seed dressing: soaking seeds with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times for 10 hours, draining and filtering, every 10kg of garlic seeds and then 1kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 2kg of biological potassium fertilizer.
Second, reasonable rotation and land preparation (A) rational rotation of interplanting vegetables bogey continuous cropping, interplanting garlic and non-onion garlic crop rotation for 1-2 years.
(2) Site preparation According to the grape row spacing, the middle ditch is used to plant 2 墒 or the middle 墒, and the two sides are ditched, and the rafting is 1 墒. Both methods must be flat, straight, and fine. Two rows of grapes in the middle of a large amount of garlic, according to the width of the grape line is 70-90cm wide; two rows of grapes between the two, the middle of the two should leave a 20-30cm wide ditch, close to the side of the grape plant To set a safe distance of more than 20cm, the two sides are 35-45cm wide.
Third, timely sowing, reasonable close planting (a) sowing time The best sowing time is from September 5 to September 25 of each year.
(2) Seeding density and seeding amount Garlic with garlic moss and garlic as the target product, the plant spacing is 9x12cm, the seeding quantity is 60-80kg/mu, and the garlic with the garlic seed as the target product can be properly densely planted.
(3) Seeding method Open the shallow groove of 3-4cm deep perpendicular to the direction of the row on the surface of the raft, and then directionalally plant the seed according to the plant spacing in the shallow groove, and then cover the soil 2-3cm. If the soil is heavy, the field can also be ordered by plant spacing.
Fourth, soil, fertilizer, water management (A) timely irrigation After planting, timely fill the seeding water, and then timely irrigation according to the characteristics of garlic water requirements, soil moisture, plant growth. The whole growth period is generally 5-7 times.
(2) Timely tillage After the emergence of garlic, according to soil moisture and the growth of weeds in the field, weeding and weeding should be carried out in time to prevent soil compaction and weed growth.
(3) Rational fertilization 1. Principle of fertilization: adhere to the principle of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers; base fertilizer, supplemented with topdressing; multi-composite fertilizer, supplemented by single-element fertilizer. Maintain or increase soil and soil microbial activity. It is forbidden to use the end-fertilized organic fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen and unqualified chemical fertilizer.
2. Base fertilizer: 1000kg/mu of farmyard manure or 500kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer, 20kg/mu of calcium, 10kg/mu of special compound fertilizer for garlic, and the fertilizer and soil should be evenly mixed.
3, top dressing: According to the characteristics and growth of garlic in the whole growth period, the garlic with garlic and garlic as the target product generally needs to be topdressed 3 times. For the first time in the maternal period (4-5 leaves), nitrogen fertilizer is the main method, and urea is applied 8 kg per mu. The second time is applied once in the bulb expansion period (9-10 leaves), and 5 kg of urea is applied in the mu, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer. (15:15:15) 10kg; the third time, about 50% of the vegetable moss, potassium sulphate compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 10kg/mu.
V. Harvesting at the right time (1) Harvesting of garlic seedlings The early stage of garlic bulb expansion (7-8 leaves) is the best time for harvesting green garlic seedlings.
(2) Garlic moss harvesting In the inflorescence of the garlic moss, the sheath is 10-15cm, the top of the garlic moss begins to bend, and the moss can be harvested when it begins to whiten. When harvesting, choose sunny afternoon or cloudy day, and wait until the dew is dry.
(3) Harvesting of garlic After the harvest of garlic and garlic is finished, the leaves of the base of the garlic are gradually yellowed, and the pseudo-stalks can be harvested when they are soft. When harvesting, you can choose to dig up the soil and remove the fake stems (the base is 2-3cm), which can be sold. It can also be bundled in 1.5-2kg bundles and hanged in a ventilated place, and dried until the skin is dehydrated and dried. Cut off the pseudo stem (mainly 2-3cm), dry it for 2-3 days, store it in a graded package or sell it.