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The umbilicus (top) of the fruit is cracked and the seeds are exposed. Symptoms begin to appear when the petals and pistils of the tomato are wilted at the beginning of the fruit setting, and the base of the pistil shows a scar of the cork. After the residual petals and pistils fall off, a slight cork crack occurs in the umbilicus of the fruit. As the disease progresses, the cracking increases, and a hollow cavity is formed. The seeds on the inner placenta of the fruit are exposed, and the quality of the fruit product is lowered. When the condition is heavier, the top cracking fruit is more complicated with the zipper fruit. The umbilical part of the fruit and the surrounding pericarp are cracked and divided into several petals. The placenta tissue and the seed are everted and exposed with the peel, and the umbilicus of the fruit is like the palm of the cat's claw. More seriously, at the time of maturity, the umbilicus of the fruit is separated like a flowering taro or lotus flower, and the embryonic tissue and seeds are exposed, the shape is unsightly, and the edible value is lost.
Second, the cause
1, seedling period (2-7 pieces of true leaves) night temperature is too low. The emergence of malformed fruit, the fundamental problem is the initial formation of tomato flower buds, which is the flower bud differentiation period. The flower bud differentiation of the first to third ear of tomato is generally completed in 2-7 true leaves. The low night temperature at this stage tends to cause the photosynthetic products to accumulate more to the growing growth point, resulting in differentiation of multiple ventricles. Malformed flower. Especially when the night temperature is lower than 8 °C for a long time, a large number of deformed flowers will appear, and later developed into deformed fruit. These malformed flowers are easily recognized during flowering, and are expressed in the shape of beans, flat ovary, thick styles, and multiple petals.
2. Insufficient calcium and boron. In the process of flower bud development, flowering and young fruit expansion, insufficient supply of calcium or boron or partial application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer lead to physiological calcium deficiency, resulting in poor flower development, poor fruit cells, and aggravation of fruit cracking.
3. The concentration of the flower hormone is too large. The concentration of hormones that promote the use of fruit set is large, and the power to promote fruit development is large, so that the fruit apex and the large flower umbilicus appear in the light tomato, and the young fruit cracks and seeds are lost, and the commodity value is lost.
For the above three reasons, the night temperature in the seedling stage (2-7 true leaves) is the root cause. The deficiency of calcium and boron can aggravate the top crack, while the excessive concentration of the flowering hormone is the most important factor causing the top crack in the outside world. .
Third, prevention measures
Tomato top cracking fruit is a physiological disease. The main reason is that the night temperature of flower bud differentiation is too low. With the increase of temperature, the disease will be obviously reduced. It has entered the end of April, and in production, the following are mainly done:
1. Remove the top cracked fruit early, pick small, pick early, and reduce nutrient ineffective consumption.
2. Strengthen the temperature management of the subsequent flowering fruit. On the one hand, the night temperature of flower bud differentiation should not be lower than 12 °C for a long time. On the other hand, it is also necessary to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the plants are long.
3. Pay attention to the supplement of calcium and boron. One is calcium supplementation. In addition to the application of calcium fertilizer such as calcium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the focus should be placed on the leaf surface calcium supplement. From the beginning of the seedling period to the end of the last ear of the fruit, the amino acid calcium (chelating calcium) is sprayed every 10-15 days. It can also spray natural amino acid calcium fertilizer such as goat's milk, milk and soy milk, and the concentration of spraying is 300 times. The second is boron supplementation. Spraying 0.1-0.2% borax solution or 1500 times speed boron and other boron fertilizers at the seedling stage, spraying once every 5-7 days, spraying 3-4 times.
4, scientific use of flower potions
(1) The deformed flower is spaded off in time. Malformed flowers are easily recognized during flowering, mainly in the form of beans, flat ovary, thick styles, and multiple petals. Moreover, the first order flower of tomato is more deformed, and the first flower of the first order is most deformed. When the deformed flower is found, it must be removed in time.
(2) Dispensing according to the temperature in the tomato growing environment. Different temperature points are suitable for different concentrations of flowers. It is necessary to adjust the concentration according to the temperature at the time of the flower, and don't bother with it.
(3) Master the time spent on flowers. It is best to take some medicines from half to full when each flower is opened. It is easy to form a stiff fruit and a hollow fruit after the medicine is opened and defeated. At the same time, it is generally appropriate to choose a sunny day in the afternoon when the temperature is stable.
(4) Do a good job of marking the flowers, do not repeat the medicine, do a good job in water and fertilizer management.
How to prevent tomato cracking
First, the symptoms of the disease
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